长期未解的难题，哪些被解开了 —— 以及 AI 参与了多少。只认权威清单，每条都能点开原文。
每句都自带日期、出处和它最需要的那条限定语，单独摘出去也不会被读错。句子由脚本从本页的数据算出，不经过语言模型。
截至 2026-10-02，英文维基百科《List of unsolved problems in mathematics》记下的已解决问题里，2026 年被解开的有 9 条，9 条的原文都写明用了 AI；2015–2025 年每年的中位数是 3 条（没有条目的年份按 0 算）。「写明用了 AI」只说明原文提到了这个工具，不等于 AI 独立解决。
As of 2026-10-02, English Wikipedia's List of unsolved problems in mathematics records 9 problems solved in 2026, and for all 9 the source text says an AI was used; from 2015 to 2025 the median was 3 a year (years with none count as 0). Naming an AI means the entry mentions the tool, not that the AI solved the problem on its own.
截至 2026-10-02，同一份记录（英文维基百科数学、物理两份未解问题清单的已解决条目，加上千禧年大奖难题）里，2026 年以前有年份的 53 条，没有一条的原文提到 AI。没提不代表没用 AI —— 只代表清单没写。
As of 2026-10-02, in the same record (the solved entries of English Wikipedia's lists of unsolved problems in mathematics and physics, plus the Millennium Prize Problems), none of the 53 dated entries from before 2026 mentions an AI in its source text. No mention does not mean no AI was used — only that the list does not say.
截至 2026-10-02，英文维基百科数学、物理两份「未解问题清单」的已解决条目，加上「千禧年大奖难题」条目的已解决一节，共收 64 个被解开的难题（数学 43、物理 20、千禧年大奖难题 1）。生物、化学、计算机三份清单没有「已解决」一节，所以查不到这些领域的记录 —— 清单里没有，不等于没被解决。
As of 2026-10-02, the solved entries of English Wikipedia's lists of unsolved problems in mathematics and physics, plus the solved section of its Millennium Prize Problems article, total 64 resolved problems (43 in mathematics, 20 in physics, 1 Millennium Prize problem). The biology, chemistry and computer-science lists have no solved section, so those fields have no record here — absent from the list is not the same as unsolved.
出处：英文维基百科（CC BY-SA 4.0）：数学、物理两份 List of unsolved problems 的已解决条目与 Millennium Prize Problems，经 solved.localkin.ai 整理。
以上都是脚本从维基清单里算出来的。下面这一段是几个 AI 视角各读一遍同一份数写的：怎么被解开的、什么时候、哪些领域留下了记录、读数审慎，最后主编写一段对照。
⚠️ 两条边界在解读里也不许松：「清单里没有」不等于「没被解决」（生物、化学、计算机那三份清单根本没有「已解决」节）；「AI 参与」不等于「AI 独立解决」。
怎么解的：64条中9条原文出现AI或计算机辅助证明，全在2026年，出现词为GPT-5 5条、Claude 2条、OpenAI 2条、Computer-Assisted Proof 1条；没标AI的早年条目也可能用了工具，只是记录习惯未写明。
哪些领域：64条来自三份带「已解决」节的清单，数学43条、物理20条、千禧年大奖难题1条；生物、化学、计算机三份清单无此节，这些领域的已解难题在此层记录中根本不存在。
读数审慎：2026年9条全带AI标记，但一年仅几条，多一条少一条比例即翻倍，不宜拿年度百分比讲趋势；AI标记只是关键词匹配，只说明描述里提到了工具，不说明工具贡献了多少。
分歧：「怎么解的」关注工具名称分布与记录盲区，「哪些领域」关注清单结构导致的领域记录缺失，「读数审慎」则警告样本极小、年份未完，年度比例不可靠且标记不等于贡献度。
64 条已解决难题中，9 条原文提到 AI 或计算机辅助证明，全部在 2026 年。原文出现的词：GPT-5 5 条、Claude 2 条、OpenAI 2 条、Computer-Assisted Proof 1 条。数学 43 条、物理 20 条、千禧年大奖难题 1 条；生物、化学、计算机三份清单没有「已解决」节，不代表这些领域没有突破。没标 AI 的条目也可能用了工具，只是早年记录习惯未写明。我可能读错的地方：2026 年数据天然不完整，维基未必已收录全部条目，且「提到模型」不等于模型独立完成证明。
这份记录共 64 条，来自维基三份带「已解决」节的清单：数学 43 条、物理 20 条、千禧年大奖难题 1 条。生物、化学、计算机三份清单全是开放问题，没有「已解决」节——所以这些领域哪些难题被攻克了，在这层记录里根本不存在，不是没收录，是记录本身没有。2026 年最多，9 条，其中 9 条原文提到 AI。但「提到 AI」只是描述里出现了模型名，不等于「AI 独立解决」；早年没标也不等于没用工具，是记录习惯不同。数学远多于物理，可能只是清单维护习惯差异。
我可能读错的地方：我把「2026 年 9 条全提到 AI」读成这一年 AI 参与度高，但样本极小且年份未过完，这可能只是收录偏误；我也可能低估了维护习惯对领域分布的影响。
这份记录一共 64 条，其中 9 条原文提到 AI 或计算机辅助证明。2026 年有 9 条，其中 9 条提到 AI，但一年只有几条，多一条少一条就能让比例翻倍，别拿年度百分比讲趋势。AI 标记是关键词匹配，只说明有人在描述里提到了工具，不说明工具做了多少。生物、化学、计算机三份清单根本没有「已解决」节，这不是那些领域没有突破，是记录不存在。没标 AI 也不等于没用工具，早年条目不会写这种话。
我可能读错的地方：2026 年 9 条全带 AI 标记，可能只是因为维基编辑者最近习惯写模型名，不代表往年没用工具；也可能 2026 年数据还没收完，后续补充的条目会改变这个数。
脚本逐条核对过：数字只能照抄摘要、引号只能引原文、中英分段、对照里每行归属到席位，另外还挡两样 —— 把「AI 参与」写成「AI 独立解决」，和把「记录里没有」写成「那个领域没有突破」。不合格退回重写，最多三次。这一期 4 席里 3 席通过。
AI 参与率只在「有条目的年份」上算。某年一条都没有，不等于「那年 AI 一无所获」，是「那年没人解开任何问题」—— 两件事差得远，所以空年份不画 0%。
无标记不代表没用 AI —— 只代表清单没提。
| 年份 | 领域 | 被解开的问题 | 出处 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 数学 | Jacobian conjecture for more than 2 dimensions🤖 ClaudeJacobian conjecture for more than 2 dimensions (Levent Alpöge, 2026 using Claude Fable 5). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2026 | 数学 | Existence of a non-sofic, discrete, countable group🤖 OpenAIExistence of a non-sofic, discrete, countable group (solution in an anonymized paper published by OpenAI, 2026). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2026 | 数学 | Sendov's conjecture and Phelps–Rodriguez conjecture🤖 GPT-5 / GPT / Computer-Assisted ProofSendov's conjecture and Phelps–Rodriguez conjecture (Lech Mazur using GPT-5.6 Pro, 2026). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2026 | 数学 | Crouzeix's conjecture🤖 GPT-5 / GPTCrouzeix's conjecture (Shanmu Jin using GPT-5.6 Sol, 2026. Subsequent independent proof by Emiel Lorist and Felix Schwenninger using GPT-5.6 Sol, 2026). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2026 | 数学 | Heil–Ramanathan–Topiwala conjecture🤖 GPT-5 / GPTHeil–Ramanathan–Topiwala conjecture (Markus Faulhuber, Philipp Petersen, Jordy Timo van Velthoven, Felix Voigtlaender using GPT-5.6 Pro, 2026). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2026 | 数学 | Erdős unit distance conjecture🤖 OpenAIErdős unit distance conjecture (published in an anonymized paper by OpenAI, 2026). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2026 | 数学 | Existence of a complex structure on S^6🤖 ClaudeExistence of a complex structure on S^6 (Levent Alpöge, 2026 using Claude Fable 5). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2026 | 数学 | Talagrand's convexity conjecture🤖 GPT-5 / GPTTalagrand's convexity conjecture (Dongming Hua, Antoine Song, Stefan Tudose using GPT-5.5 Pro, 2026). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2026 | 数学 | Dinitz–Garg–Goemans conjecture🤖 GPT-5 / GPTDinitz–Garg–Goemans conjecture (Dmitry Rybin using GPT-5.6 Pro, 2026). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2025 | 数学 | Mizohata–Takeuchi conjectureMizohata–Takeuchi conjecture (Hannah Cairo, 2025). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2025 | 数学 | Bunkbed conjectureBunkbed conjecture (Nikita Gladkov, Igor Pak, Alexander Zimin, 2025). | 清单 |
| 2025 | 数学 | Eremenko's conjectureEremenko's conjecture: every component of the escaping set of an entire transcendental function is unbounded. (David Martí-Pete, Lasse Rempe, and James Waterman | 清单 |
| 2025 | 数学 | Carathéodory conjecture for surfaces of smoothness C^{4}Carathéodory conjecture for surfaces of smoothness C^{4} (Brendan Guilfoyle and Wilhelm Klingenberg, 2025). | 清单 |
| 2024 | 数学 | Existence of a non-terminating game of beggar-my-neighbourExistence of a non-terminating game of beggar-my-neighbour (Brayden Casella, 2024). | 清单 |
| 2024 | 数学 | Einstein problemEinstein problem (David Smith, Joseph Samuel Myers, Craig S. Kaplan, Chaim Goodman-Strauss, 2024). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2023 | 数学 | Egan conjectureEgan conjecture (Sergei Drozdov, 2023). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2022 | 数学 | Kahn–Kalai conjectureKahn–Kalai conjecture (Jinyoung Park and Huy Tuan Pham, 2022). | 清单 |
| 2022 | 物理 | Solar abundance problemSolar abundance problem (1998–2022): A discrepancy between solar metallicity estimates from astronomical spectroscopy and helioseismology was resolved with upda | 清单 |
| 2021 | 数学 | Blankenship–Oporowski conjecture on the book thickness of subdivisionsBlankenship–Oporowski conjecture on the book thickness of subdivisions (Vida Dujmović, David Eppstein, Robert Hickingbotham, Pat Morin, and David Wood, 2021). | 清单 |
| 2021 | 数学 | André–Oort conjectureAndré–Oort conjecture (Jonathan Pila, Ananth Shankar, Jacob Tsimerman, 2021). | 清单 |
| 2020 | 数学 | Mazur's conjecture BMazur's conjecture B (Vessilin Dimitrov, Ziyang Gao, and Philipp Habegger, 2020). | 清单 |
| 2020 | 数学 | Ringel's conjecture that the complete graph K_{2n+1} can be decomposed into 2n+1 copies of any tree with n edgesRingel's conjecture that the complete graph K_{2n+1} can be decomposed into 2n+1 copies of any tree with n edges (Richard Montgomery, Benny Sudakov, Alexey Pokr | 清单原始报道 |
| 2020 | 数学 | Kelmans–Seymour conjectureKelmans–Seymour conjecture (Dawei He, Yan Wang, and Xingxing Yu, 2020). | 清单 |
| 2020 | 数学 | Deciding whether the Conway knot is a slice knotDeciding whether the Conway knot is a slice knot (Lisa Piccirillo, 2020). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2019 | 数学 | Keller's conjectureKeller's conjecture (Joshua Brakensiek, Marijn Heule, John Mackey, David Narvaez, 2019). | 清单 |
| 2019 | 数学 | Disproof of Hedetniemi's conjecture on the chromatic number of tensor products of graphsDisproof of Hedetniemi's conjecture on the chromatic number of tensor products of graphs (Yaroslav Shitov, 2019). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2019 | 数学 | Goldberg–Seymour conjectureGoldberg–Seymour conjecture (Guantao Chen, Guangming Jing, and Wenan Zang, 2019). | 清单 |
| 2019 | 数学 | Duffin–Schaeffer theoremDuffin–Schaeffer theorem (Dimitris Koukoulopoulos, James Maynard, 2019). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2019 | 数学 | Sensitivity conjecture for Boolean functionsSensitivity conjecture for Boolean functions (Hao Huang, 2019). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2019 | 物理 | Proton radius puzzleProton radius puzzle: A 2010 measurement of the charge radius for the proton found a significantly smaller value than past measurements. Measurements since 2019 | 清单 |
| 2018 | 数学 | Erdős sumset conjectureErdős sumset conjecture (Joel Moreira, Florian Richter, Donald Robertson, 2018). | 清单 |
| 2018 | 数学 | McMullen's g-conjecture on the possible numbers of faces of different dimensions in a simplicial sphereMcMullen's g-conjecture on the possible numbers of faces of different dimensions in a simplicial sphere (also Grünbaum conjecture, several conjectures of Kühnel | 清单原始报道 |
| 2018 | 数学 | Maximal rank conjectureMaximal rank conjecture (Eric Larson, 2018). | 清单 |
| 2018 | 数学 | Weibel's conjectureWeibel's conjecture (Moritz Kerz, Florian Strunk, and Georg Tamme, 2018). | 清单 |
| 2018 | 数学 | Yau's conjectureYau's conjecture (Antoine Song, 2018). | 清单 |
| 2017 | 数学 | Zimmer's conjectureZimmer's conjecture (Aaron Brown, David Fisher, and Sebastián Hurtado-Salazar, 2017). | 清单 |
| 2017 | 数学 | Pentagonal tilingPentagonal tiling (Michaël Rao, 2017). | 清单原始报道 |
| 2017 | 数学 | Burr–Erdős conjectureBurr–Erdős conjecture (Choongbum Lee, 2017). | 清单 |
| 2017 | 物理 | Origin of short gamma-ray burstOrigin of short gamma-ray burst (1993–2017): From binary neutron stars merger, produce a kilonova explosion and short gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A was detected i | 清单原始报道 |
| 2017 | 物理 | Missing baryon problemMissing baryon problem (1998–2017): proclaimed solved in October 2017, with the missing baryons located in hot intergalactic gas. | 清单原始报道 |
| 2016 | 数学 | Upper bound for the cap set problemUpper bound for the cap set problem (Jordan Ellenberg, Dion Gijswijt, 2016). | 清单 |
| 2016 | 数学 | Boolean Pythagorean triples problemBoolean Pythagorean triples problem (Marijn Heule, Oliver Kullmann, Victor W. Marek, 2016). | 清单 |
| 2016 | 物理 | Existence of gravitational wavesExistence of gravitational waves (1916–2016): On 11 February 2016, the Advanced LIGO team announced that they had directly detected gravitational waves from a p | 清单原始报道 |
| 2016 | 物理 | Existence of time crystalsExistence of time crystals (2012–2016): The idea of a quantized time crystal was first theorized in 2012 by Frank Wilczek. In 2016, Khemani et al. and Else et a | 清单原始报道 |
| 2015 | 数学 | Suita conjectureSuita conjecture (Qi'an Guan and Xiangyu Zhou, 2015). | 清单 |
| 2015 | 数学 | Umbral moonshine conjectureUmbral moonshine conjecture (John F. R. Duncan, Michael J. Griffin, Ken Ono, 2015). | 清单 |
| 2015 | 数学 | Erdős discrepancy problemErdős discrepancy problem (Terence Tao, 2015) | 清单 |
| 2015 | 数学 | Babai's problemBabai's problem (Alireza Abdollahi, Maysam Zallaghi, 2015). | 清单 |
| 2015 | 数学 | Main conjecture in Vinogradov's mean-value theoremMain conjecture in Vinogradov's mean-value theorem (Jean Bourgain, Ciprian Demeter, Larry Guth, 2015). | 清单 |
| 2015 | 物理 | Perform a loophole-free Bell test experimentPerform a loophole-free Bell test experiment (1970–2015): In October 2015, scientists from the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience reported that the failure of the l | 清单原始报道 |
| 2015 | 物理 | Existence of pentaquarksExistence of pentaquarks (1964–2015): In July 2015, the LHCb collaboration at CERN identified pentaquarks in the channel, which represents the decay of the bott | 清单 |
| 2015 | 物理 | A discrepancy in measurements of Saturn's core spin between Voyager 2 and Cassini–Huygens data was resolved in 2015 with determination from its gravitational fieldA discrepancy in measurements of Saturn's core spin between Voyager 2 and Cassini–Huygens data was resolved in 2015 with determination from its gravitational fi | 清单 |
| 2015 | 物理 | Photon underproduction crisisPhoton underproduction crisis (2014–2015): This problem was resolved by Khaire and Srianand. They show that a factor 2 to 5 times large metagalactic photoioniza | 清单 |
| 2012 | 物理 | Higgs boson and electroweak symmetry breakingHiggs boson and electroweak symmetry breaking (1963–2012): The mechanism responsible for breaking the electroweak gauge symmetry, giving mass to the W and Z bos | 清单原始报道 |
| 2012 | 物理 | Hipparcos anomalyHipparcos anomaly (1997–2012): The High Precision Parallax Collecting Satellite (Hipparcos) measured the parallax of the Pleiades and determined a distance of 3 | 清单 |
| 2012 | 物理 | Faster-than-light neutrino anomalyFaster-than-light neutrino anomaly (2011–2012): In 2011, the OPERA experiment mistakenly observed neutrinos appearing to travel faster than light. On 12 July 20 | 清单 |
| 2012 | 物理 | Pioneer anomalyPioneer anomaly (1980–2012): There was a deviation in the predicted accelerations of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft as they left the Solar System. It is belie | 清单原始报道 |
| 2010 | 物理 | Existence of quark-gluon plasma, a new phase of matter was discovered and confirmed in experiments at CERN-SPSExistence of quark-gluon plasma, a new phase of matter was discovered and confirmed in experiments at CERN-SPS (2000), BNL-RHIC (2005) and CERN-LHC (2010). | 清单 |
| 2005 | 物理 | Numerical solution for binary black holeNumerical solution for binary black hole (1960s–2005): The numerical solution of the two body problem in general relativity was achieved after four decades of r | 清单 |
| 2003 | 千禧年大奖 | Poincaré conjectureIn the field of geometric topology, a two-dimensional sphere is characterized by the fact that it is the only closed and simply connected two-dimensional surfac | 清单原始报道 |
| 2003 | 物理 | Long-duration gamma-ray burstsLong-duration gamma-ray bursts (1993–2003): Long-duration bursts are associated with the deaths of massive stars in a specific kind of supernova-like event comm | 清单 |
| 2001 | 物理 | Solar neutrino problemSolar neutrino problem (1968–2001): Solved by a new understanding of neutrino physics, requiring a modification of the Standard Model of particle physics—specif | 清单 |
| · | 物理 | Cosmic age problemCosmic age problem (1920s–1990s): The estimated age of the universe was around 3 to 8 billion years younger than estimates of the ages of the oldest stars in th | 清单 |
| · | 物理 | Origin of mass of most elementary particlesOrigin of mass of most elementary particles: Solved with the discovery of the Higgs boson, which implies the existence of the Higgs field giving mass to these p | 清单 |
覆盖范围是被源决定的，不是我们挑的。维基「List of unsolved problems in …」里，只有数学、物理两份有「已解决」节，加上千禧年大奖的官方状态。生物、化学、计算机那三份「没有任何已解决节」 —— 它们只是开放问题清单（生物那页 14 个小节全是 open problems）。所以「生物哪些难题被攻克了」在权威清单这一层没有记录可查，不是我们没收录。 生物的动态在科学面板（那答的是论文流，是另一个问题）